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The Müsavat (Equality) Party ((アゼルバイジャン語:Müsavat Partiyası)) (Arabic (مساواة) "equality, parity") is the oldest existing political party in Azerbaijan. Its history can be divided into three periods: Early (old) Musavat, Musavat-in-exile and New Musavat. ==Early (Old) Musavat (1911–1923)== Musavat was founded in 1911 in Baku as a secret organization by Mammed Amin Rasulzade, Mammed Ali Rasulzade (cousin of Mammed Amin Rasulzade), Abbasgulu Kazimzade and Taghi Nagioglu. Its initial name was a Muslim Democratic Musavat Party. The first members were Veli Mikayiloghlu, Seyid Huseyn Sadig, Abdurrahim bey, Yusif Ziya bey and Seyid Musavi bey. Early Musavat members also included future Communist leader of Azerbaijan SSR Nariman Narimanov. This initiative was coming from Mammed Amin Rasulzade, who was then living in exile in Istanbul. In its early years before the first world war, Musavat was a relatively small, secret underground organization, much like its counterparts throughout the Middle East, working for the prosperity and political unity of the Muslim and Turkic-speaking world. Although Musavat espoused pan-Islamic ideology and its founder was sympathetic to the pan-Turkic movement, the party supported the tsarist regime during the First World War. Russia's social democrats received the foundation of Musavat in what they considered "imperial, orientalist terms, governed by the long-standing ideological categories of Muslim backwardness, treachery and religious fanaticism", as a betrayal of historic proportions. The Musavat's programme, which appealed to the Azerbaijani masses and assured the party of the sympathy of the Muslims abroad, announced the following aims: :1. The unity of all Muslim peoples without regard to nationality or sect. :2. Restoration of the independence of all Muslim nations. :3. Extension of material and moral aid to all Muslim nations which fight for their independence. :4. Help to all Muslim peoples and states in offense and in defence. :5. The destruction of the barriers which prevent the spread of the above-mentioned ideas. :6. The establishment of contact with parties striving for the progress of the Muslims. :7. The establishment, as need might arise, of contact and exchange of opinion with foreign parties which have the well being of humanity as their aim. :8. The intensification of the struggle for the existence of all Muslims and the development of their commerce, trade and economic life in general. During this time, the Musavat party supported some pan-Islamist and pan-Turkist ideas.〔Pan-Turkism: From Irrendentism to Cooperation by Jacob M. Landau P.55〕〔(Musavat Party (Azerbaijan) )〕〔''Ethnic Nationalism and the Fall of Empires'' by Aviel Roshwald, page 100〕〔Disaster and Development: The politics of Humanitarian Aid by Neil Middleton and Phil O'keefe P. 132〕〔The Armenian-Azerbaijan Conflict: Causes and Implications by Michael P. Croissant P. 14〕 Pan-Turkic element in Musavat's ideology was a reflection of the novel ideas of the Young Turk revolution in Ottoman Empire. The founders of this ideology were Azerbaijani intellectuals of Russian Empire, Ali-bey Huseynzadeh and Ahmed-bey Agayev (known in Turkey as Ahmet Ağaoğlu), whose literary works used the linguistic unity of Turkic-speaking peoples as a factor for national awakening of various nationalities inhabiting the Russian Empire. The Menshevik and Social Revolutionary parties of Baku, both largely dependent upon the support of selected Georgian, Armenian and Jewish cadrees, as well as upon the ethnic Russian workers, had long vilified the Muslims as "inert" and "unconscious".〔 For them as well as for Bolsheviks, Constitutional Democrats and Denikinists, the Musavat, by default, was the false friend of social democracy, just a party of feudal "beks and khans". These accusations, centerpieces of a paranoid style in social-democratic politics, have endured in the historical literature far beyond their origins.〔 But this form of attitude also alienated predominant Muslim groups from Russia's mainstream social democrats, as Musavat's shifting politics and populist slogans started receiving bigger appeal among the Muslim worker audience. Musavat leaders were largely well-educated professionals from the upper class echelons of Azeri society; its mass membership, most recruited between 1917 and 1919, comprised the poorly-educated Muslims underclass of Baku.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Musavat」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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